2Introduction: Epilepsy can impact cognitive ability in children. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of task-oriented cognitive rehabilitation programs and Computer-based cognitive rehabilitation programs on cognitive flexibility in children suffering from epilepsy. Materials and Methods: This study was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all children with epilepsy who were referred to the neurology clinic of Mofid Children's Hospital, Tehran in 2021. Using the purposeful sampling method, 45 eligible children were included in the study and were randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group (15 people in each group). In order to collect data, the Wisconsin cards test from Grant and Berg (1948) was used. Results: The results showed that both task-oriented cognitive rehabilitation programs and Computer-based cognitive rehabilitation programs significantly increased cognitive flexibility in children with epilepsy compared with the control group. There was no significant difference in the Computer-based cognitive section on the increase of cognitive flexibility in children with epilepsy. Conclusion: Task-based cognitive rehabilitation programs and Computer-based cognitive rehabilitation programs can be a useful approach to increase the cognitive flexibility of children with epilepsy.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Computer-based cognitive rehabilitation on cognitive deficits in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease.Methods: This controlled study followed a pretest/post-test paradigm. Sixteen elderly nursing-home residents with Alzheimer's disease in Kerman were included based on the defined criteria.Subjects were assigned to two groups i.e. experimental and control. Participantswere submitted tobrief mental state questionnaire, physical examination, Wechsler Memory Test, Tower of London, Go-No Go and Bender Gestalt Tests. The cognitive rehabilitation program using neuro-training for 24 sessions over 8 weeks, 2-3 times a week and 1-hour per session was performed. Same set of results were obtained in an 8-week follow-up.Data were analyzed using repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance.Results: According to our results, the experimental group who received Computer-based cognitive rehabilitation intervention was found to have significantly less impairment as compared to the control group in terms of scores in mental state examination (h2=-0.94), Tower of London task (h2=-0.68), Go- No Go task (h2=-0.93), memory performance in Wechsler memory test (h2=-0.89) and Bender-Gestalt test (h2=-0.88). Results also showed that the intervention effects on all variables remained consistent upon follow-up.Conclusion: Our findings confirmed the influence of Computer-based cognitive rehabilitation intervention to improve cognitive function in elderly patients with mild Alzheimer's disease. Such interventions are therefore recommended in the applied neuro-cognitive rehabilitation setting.

The current paper aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Computer-based cognitive rehabilitation on cognitive flexibility and selective attention of high school students. A total of 30 high school students from Tehran were selected. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control, using a convenience sampling method. The sample size for each group was determined to be 15, based on an effect size of 0.3, a power of 0.8, and an alpha of 0.05. The experimental group received 16 sessions of 45-minute Computer-based cognitive rehabilitation intervention. The control group received no intervention. Research tools included the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Stroop Color Word Test (SCWT). The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with SPSS 26 software. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in some components of cognitive flexibility and selective attention. The findings demonstrated that Computer-based cognitive rehabilitation intervention was effective on cognitive flexibility and selective attention of high school students.

Working memory (WM) is responsible for producing, maintaining, and manipulating cognitive representations of stimuli, searching for the same or similar stimuli in memory, and maintaining appropriate behavioral responses. WM is assumed to play a significant role in extant models of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Using a single-case design with multiple baselines, we applied a Computer-based cognitive rehabilitation program with adaptive training of WM tasks on 6 children with ADHD (inattention type) during 15 sessions – with each lasting 30 min– and evaluated the effects of the training. The obtained data were analyzed using visual analysis, percentage of recovery, and Reliable Change Index. The findings suggested that the program significantly enhanced the trainee’ s performance in abilities pertaining to central executive functioning (CE), phonological loop (PH), and visuospatial sketchpad (VS) subsystems of WM. These results demonstrate that performance on WM tasks can be significantly improved by training, implying that that WM training has the potential to be of clinical use for ameliorating the symptoms of ADHD.

Specific learning disorder (SLD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder. Students with SLD have a high level of cognitive problems, resulting in their academic failure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Computer-based cognitive rehabilitation on cognitive avoidance of students with specific learning disorder. This study was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test. The population included all third grade to sixth female students with learning disorder in city of Kermanshah. A sample size of 28 were selected and divided into control and experimental groups. Research Instruments included The cognitive avoidance Questionnaire (CAQ) of Sexton and Dugas (2008), the Colorado Learning Difficulties Questionnaire (CLDQ) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children. Captain Log's cognitive rehabilitation program at 12 session of 50-60 minute twice a week for the study group was developed. For data analysis, covariance analysis with SPSS software was used. Covariance analysis indicated that the effectiveness of Computer-based cognitive rehabilitation caused reduction in children's cognitive avoidance (P<0/001), and a Computer-based cognitive rehabilitation can be used as a convenient way to help students with learning disorders to reduce their cognitive avoidance. and help students to use more effective strategies to control anxiety levels and reduce distraction and ultimately improve their academic performance.

Background: Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder characterized by a combination of positive and negative symptoms, as well as cognitive impairments such as deficits in cognitive flexibility. These factors significantly impact the quality of life and functional outcomes of patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Computer-based cognitive rehabilitation on positive and negative symptoms and cognitive flexibility in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: This was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with a control group. The study population included all patients diagnosed with schizophrenia who were hospitalized in psychiatric treatment and rehabilitation centers in Ardabil city. A total of 30 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia based on psychiatric evaluations and clinical interviews were selected using purposive sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Data collection tools included the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia and the Computerized version of the simple Stroop test. The experimental group underwent Computer-based cognitive rehabilitation using Captain's Log software over 12 sessions, each lasting 45 minutes, while the control group received no intervention. Data was analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS v26. Results: The results indicated that Computer-based cognitive rehabilitation significantly reduced positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and improved cognitive flexibility in patients (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Bonferroni post-hoc tests revealed that changes observed in positive and negative symptoms and cognitive flexibility during the post-test phase were maintained during the follow-up phase. Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of Computer-based cognitive rehabilitation in addressing positive and negative symptoms as well as cognitive flexibility in patients with schizophrenia, this intervention can play a vital role in comprehensive therapeutic strategies. Ultimately, it can contribute to improving clinical symptoms and functional abilities in individuals with schizophrenia.